[Evaluation of the correlation between ration physically effective fiber and rumen pH in dairy cattle]

The current definition of subacute ruminal acidosis [SARA] is based on the pH of the ruminal fluid in dairy cattle and ration physically effective fiber could be used as a non-invasive method for prediction of ruminal pH. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between ration physically effective fiber, measured using old and modified Penn-state particle separator and ruminal pH. The physically effective fiber measured in the ration of 17 rational group [7 fresh and 10 mid lactation cow groups]. Ruminal fluid obtiained by rumenocentesis and SARA affected cows were detected. The physically effective fiber measured by modifed Penn-state particle separator had a correlation with mean ruminal pH of cows [r= 0.595, p= 0.012] and the ratio of subacute ruminal acidosis affected cows in rational groups [r= -0.533, p= 0.027]. The ration of SARA affected mid lactation groups had less physically effective fiber than non affected groups [p= 0.041]. According to our results, the physically effective fiber measured by modifed Penn-state particle separator had more correlation with ruminal pH in dairy cattle and can be used as a predictive index for ruminal pH

Gastric ulceration in Persian Arab horses in Iran: frequency, haematology and biochemistry

Gastric endoscopy was performed in the 24 Persian Arab horses from several race training in Tehran and Tabriz for detection of gastric ulcer. Gastric ulcer was evident in 14 Persian Arab horses [58.3%]. Ten out of 14 ulcers were in nonglandular region of the stomach. The horses with the history of long term treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs] had high prevalence of the gastric ulcer in the glandular mucosa. In this study the prevalence of gastric ulceration was higher in horses with active training program than others. Twelve out of 14 [71%] horses with gastric ulcers had a history of active training. The difference of two groups in respect to training was not statistically significant [P>0.05]. The number of monocytes was significantly lower and concentrations of potassium were significantly higher in horses with gastric ulcer [P<0.05]. The results of this study showed that the frequency of gastric ulceration in the training Persian Arab horses was relatively high. Further studies are required to evaluate the clinical importance of ulcer in these horses

[ study on the clinical features of salmonellosis and prevalence of Salmonella serogroups in calves]

The clinical features of salmonellosis and prevalence of salmonella serogroups in calves were studied on one hundred and thirty two suspected calves in dairy farms around Tehran. Clinical examinations were carried out and the faecal or tissue [if calve was euthanized or dead] samples were collected for bacterial culture. The results were analyzed with Chi-square statistical test. Salmonella spp was isolated from 18 samples of 132[13.6%]. Salmonella isolates belonged to 4 serogroups D, B, C1 and C2. Clinical signs Observed in 6 forms: chronic entritis[33.3%], septicemia[27.8%], Acute enteritis[22%], dry gangrene of exterimities[5.5%], pneumoenteritis[5.5%] and polyarthritis[5.5%]. Eight of 18 salmonelleic calves [44.4%] died and 7 [38.9%] euthanized because of prolonging disease and not response to treatment. Occurrence of salmonellosis was signifiantly higher in calves with 1.5 to 3 month of ages [p <0.05]. The prevalence of salmonellosis was higher in summer and winter and was more in calves that were held in hutches, but the differences were not significant. Most common clinical forms of salmonellosis were chronic enteritis, acute enteritis and septicemia. Most of salmonella isolates belonged to serogroup D [61.2%].Considering Other studies and results of this research, the serogroup D salmonella apear to be the most common cause of salmonellosis in calves in dairy farms around Tehran

[Application of polymerase chain reaction to confirm mycobacterium infection in goat]

Evaluation of PCR test to confirm the samples that showed mycobacterium infection.Observational study.One thousand goats, lymph nodes and organs with visible lesion in reactor goats. At first the goats were tested by CIDT method. Measuring thikness of skin, clinical and necropsy examination in reactor and suspicious goats.Sampling of organs with visible lesion. Bacteriologic test and PCR by [Hot start PCR] kit. The type of primer used in study was IS116. In all goats which were studied, 7 goats responded positive and 4 suspicious. In 11 goats under study, 4 show mycobacterium tuberculosis complex by PCR test.those result were compare with result of bacteriology tests. Not only this study is the first research about mycobacterium in goat in Iran, but also is the first research to confirm mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection in small ruminant and evaluation PCR test for diagnosis mycobacterium in samples

[Anaerobic organisms infections as pharyngeal phlegmon, glossitis and malignant edema in cows]

During last decade five cows admitted to the veterinary faculty teaching hospital because of anorexia and swelling of the head. Clinical examination revealed pyrexia, salivation, dysphagia, swelling of the intermandibular space and face. Refering to bacteriological results, two cases diagnosed as malignant edema caused by clostridium septicum. and three cases as pharyngeal phlegmon or necrotic cellulitis caused by fusobacterium necrophorum. Three cases died due to severe toxemia and two cases have survived because of early diagnosis aggressive therapy with penicillin, streptomycin and phenylbutazone. This treatment was carried out for 5 consecutive days